Prof. Richard F. Johnson
LIT 231-002: Summer, 2007
MW 1:10 pm - 3:40 pm
L302
Digital Dragons and Technologic Texts
Literature 231 surveys British literature from 900-1800 C.E., an extensive time span that includes several historical and literary periods. We will pay particular attention to the first two-thirds of that survey period, and even more particularly to the Middle Ages, and to the changes in literacy practices from the oral to the written, or from speech to text-changes that are still being examined today.
Just as interesting (at least to me, your instructor) are the parallels between changes in literacy practices from the tenth to sixteenth centuries and those changes of the late-twentieth century. For instance, in "Electrifying Rhetoric," the classical rhetoric scholar Kathleen Welch argues for the concept of "secondary orality," or a change in literacy that has been driven by the development of computer technology in the United States and that has placed renewed emphasis on the classical rhetorical canons of Memory and Delivery. Related to this, in "From Horseback to Monastic Cell: The Impact on English Literature of the Introduction of Writing," the Anglo-Saxonist Jeff Opland has noted that the change from an oral to a written culture in the Middle Ages was not immediate and reactionary, but gradual and accommodational. We might combine these observations to suggest that at the beginning of the twenty-first century we, too, are in the midst of a gradual change in our conception of rhetoric and literature.
Accordingly, a primary theme of this course will be texts (rhetorical and imaginative) and technology (mechanical and digital). To explore this theme, we will use not only traditional methods of research and scholarship, but also methods and techniques that are enhanced by the use of multimedia and digital technology. For instance, for the first part of the semester we will use the Grendel web site, a web site designed by your instructor and a colleague in the English department to study Beowulf within the context of digital technology. Also, we will encourage you to pursue final projects that use multimedia and digital technology to enhance scholarship of the literature.
Contents
Class Guidelines
Required Textbooks:
- Black, Joseph, et al., eds. The Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Medieval Period. Vol. 1. Broadview Press, 2006.
- Donoghue, Daniel. Old English Literature: A Short Introduction. Blackwell Publishing, 2004.
- Hughes, Merritt J., ed. John Milton: Paradise Lost. MacMillan Publishing Company.
Course Requirements:
- Attend all classes and arrive punctually to class.
- Complete and submit all assignments (reading, written assignments, drafts, final revisions) in class on the day they are due.
- Write FIVE three-page Position Papers on assigned topics.
- Complete a Transliteration/Translation exercise.
- Complete a Critical Abstract and Oral Report assignment.
- Compose a Take-home Midterm Exam.
- Create and present to the class a Final Project.
- Lead one Shared Inquiry Discussion on a class text.
- Prepare for class each day and participate in discussions and workshops.
General Course Guidelines:
Students are urged to participate enthusiastically and consistently. Attendance is mandatory at all classes. You are allowed TWO absences during the term. Upon the third absence, five (5) points will be deducted from your semester total of points. For every absence after the fourth, five (5) additional points will be deducted. If you have five absences before mid-term, you should strongly consider dropping the course. A pattern of unexcused absences may result in failure of the course. Failure to complete assignments on time or to prepare for class will result in lowered grades. There will be no make-up assignments except in extreme cases.
Academic Honesty:
Plagiarism constitutes grounds for failure of the course. Familiarize yourself with Harper College's Academic Honesty Policy, which is found on page 26 of the Harper College Catalog. According to Harper's Academic Honesty Policy, "Plagiarism involves the presentation of another person's words, ideas, or work as one's own. It includes but is not limited to copying any material (written or non-written) without proper acknowledgement of its source, and paraphrasing another's work or ideas without proper acknowledgement. . . . Any form of academic dishonesty as defined by the faculty member or department is a serious offense requiring disciplinary measures. Discipline for academic dishonesty involving a specific course shall be first determined by the instructor of the course and may include failure of the specific assignment, project or test or failure of the course" (26).
Late Assignments:
Formal essays written outside class will be accepted until the end of the class session on the day they are due. The scores of essays submitted after that time will be reduced by 25% of the total possible points. Late essays are due within two weeks of the original due date; no essays will be accepted after that two-week period. All other assignments, including online exercises, are due at the beginning of the class period. There is no extra credit work.
Course Grading:
Your final course grade will be based on the follwoing criteria:
Performance: Attendance at every class meeting. Prompt arrival to class. Regular and active participation about the reading assignments and about the student's own work consistently at every class. Papers and homework handed in on time. Demonstration of engagement in the course and in the student's own personal writing development.
Product: Completion of formal paper for each unit demonstrating an understanding and application of the writing concepts and techniques introduced in the course.
Control of Process: Completion of in-class and home assignments of a quality demonstrating serious and reflective critical thought and attention. Includes whether the student experiments with pre-writing techniques; writes perceptive and thoughtful peer and self evaluations, and reading responses; understands the concept of revision and demonstrates this understanding by revising drafts substantially; resourcefully locates necessary documents for research, and demonstrates ability to synthesize and evaluate them; carefully edits and proofreads documents.
A student's final grade will be based according to the following breakdown of points:
| Assignment |
Possible Points |
Your Score |
| 5 3-page Position Papers (5 pts. each) |
25 |
____ |
| Transliteration/Translation Exercise |
10 |
____ |
| Critical Abstract and Oral Report |
10 |
____ |
| Take-home Midterm Exam |
15 |
____ |
| Final Project |
25 |
____ |
| Shared Inquiry Discussion |
15 |
____ |
| Total Points |
100 |
____ |
Final Grades are computed by letter, not numerical, grades. The instructor reserves the right to manipulate these grades as he sees fit.
Finally, your success in this class is important to me. If you have a disability and may require some accommodations or modification in procedures, class activity, instruction, requirements, etc., please contact me early in the semester so we can discuss and arrange for necessary accommodations and/or modifications with the Center for Students with Disabilities (Building D, Room 119, Extension 6266).
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Daily Schedule:
Week One:
June 4:
- Course syllabus: Goals, Objectives, Requirements.
- Course Introduction: "Concepts and Contexts: Literacy Traditions, Technology, Differing Perspectives."
- Introduction to Oral Tradition.
- A Working Lexicon (packet).
- For June 6:
- In Broadview Anthology of British Literature: The Medieval Period (BABL), read "The Medieval Period: England Before the Norman Conquest," pp. xxvii-xxxviii.
- BABL, "The Medieval Period: Language and Prosody," pp. lv-lix.
- Read Donoghue, Old English Literature, Introduction, pp. ix-xv.
June 6:
- Manuscript Culture and Instability: Between Oral and Written Traditions.
- Introduction to The Grendel web site.
- For June 11:
- In BABL, read selections from Bede, Ecclesiastical History, pp. 1-15.
- In BABL, read "The Dream of the Rood," pp. 23-25.
- In BABL, read Beowulf, lines 1-1250, pp. 36-55.
- Read Donoghue, Old English Literature, "The Miracle," pp. 56-79.
Week Two:
June 11:
- Old English and the "Desire for Origins."
- Discussion of Bede, "Dream of the Rood," and Introduction to Beowulf.
- For June 13:
- Position Paper One: The Anglo-Saxon poem, "The Dream of the Rood," is the earliest extant example of a dream-vision poem in a western vernacular. Dated to sometime in the late 7th or early 8th century CE, the poem resonates well with Bede's story of Caedmon's spontaneous verse-making and with the religious visions attributed to a number of Irish and English persons at about this same time. A remarkable poem on many levels, it is at once profound and subtle in its understanding of the human psyche, and also artful and imaginative in its characterization of the cross. Write a three-page essay in which you consider the poem's deft use of heroic virtues and Germanic verse conventions in the service of the central event of Christianity. Several elements to consider might include the use of personification by which the cross becomes not only a witness but also a participant in the crucifixion; Christ's eagerness to climb up on the cross; or hte use of commonplaces of heroic verse.
- In BABL, read Beowulf, lines 1251-3182, pp. 55-80.
- Read Donoghue, Old English Literature, "The Hall," pp. 29-55.
June 13:
- Proofread and submit Position Paper 1.
- Discussion of Beowulf and various theoretical approaches to the poem.
- The Electronic Beowulf and other resources for the study of medieval subjects.
- Discussion of Beowulf Transliteration/Translation Exercise.
- For June 18:
- Position Paper Two: In a speech after the hero's death, Wiglaf expresses regret that his friends could not persuade Beowulf to leave the dragon alone. Write a three-page essay in which you express your views on this subject. Is Wiglaf right, should Beowulf have left the dragon alone? You should consider such aspects as what the dragon was doing to the country and its denizens, the apparent absence of anyone else to cope with the dragon, the hero's motives, and/or the responsibility of a king for the welfare of his people.
- In BABL, read "The Wanderer" and "The Seafarer," pp. 17-20.
Week Three:
June 18:
- Proofread and submit Position Paper 2.
- Discussion of Beowulf.
- Beowulf and its Analogues: History Marginalized or Marginalized History?
- In-class work on Beowulf Transliteration/Translation Exercise.
- For June 20:
- Beowulf Transliteration/Translation Exercise. Instructions on handout in packet.
- In BABL, read "Cotton Maxims II," pp. 27-28 and "The Battle of Maldon," pp. 95-100.
- Read Donoghue, Old English Literature, "The Vow," pp. 1-28.
June 20:
- Beowulf Transliteration/Translation Exercise due.
- Adaptations of Beowulf.
- Mere Christianity in Beowulf: Meddling Monks or Pagan Poet?
- For June 25:
- Position Paper Three: In the warrior ethos of the poem Beowulf, the generous distribution of “treasure” by a king buys the lasting devotion of thanes (e.g., lines 20-25). In a three-page essay, determine the poet’s attitude toward “treasure” by examining the three of the following four episodes in which treasure features prominently: the story of Sigemund’s treasure; Hrothgar’s gifts to Beowulf; Wealhtheow’s gift to Beowulf; and/or the Dragon’s treasure.
- In BABL, read selections from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 110-17; Alfred the Great, pp. 119-21; and Wulfstan, "Sermo Lupi ad Anglos," pp. 127-30.
Week Four:
June 25:
- Proofread and submit Position Paper 3.
- Discuss Alfred the Great and Bishop Wulfstan.
- The Norman Conquest and the Bayeux Tapestry.
- Martin Foys, Bayeux Tapestry CD-ROM.
- For June 27:
- In BABL, read "The Medieval Period: England After the Norman Conquest," pp. xxxviii-lv and "The Crises of the Fourteenth Century," pp. 200-12.
- Prepare outlines for questions on the Take-home Midterm Exam.
June 27:
- The Turbulent Fourteenth Century.
- Outline for Take-home Midterm Exam due.
- For July 2:
- In BABL, read Introduction to Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales, pp. 324-39; and selections from "General Prologue" to The Canterbury Tales, ll. 1-162, pp. 330-32; ll. 545-66, p. 340; and ll. 669-858, pp. 342-45.
- Complete Take-home Midterm Exam.
Week Five:
July 2:
- Proofread and submit Take-home Midterm Exam.
- Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales: Characters and Genres.
- Discuss requirements and parameters for Final Project (due July 25).
- For July 9:
- In BABL, read "Prologue to the Miller's Tale" and "The Miller's Tale," pp. 379-91.
- In BABL, read Chaucer's "Retraction," "To his Scribe Adam," and "Complaint to His Purse," pp. 482-84.
July 4:
Week Six:
July 9:
- Chaucer and "The Miller's Tale."
- Discuss possible Final Projects.
- For July 11:
- Position Paper Four: In a three-page essay, respond to the allegation that "The Miller's Tale" is mere pornography. This topic will require a brief definition of "pornography," or at least a discussion of its essential features. Is Chaucer's story ever suggestive or prurient? Or is it instead an honest and forthright presentation of a subject which is endlessly fascinating to most humans?
- In BABL, read Julian of Norwich, from A Book of Showings, pp. 505-509.
- In BABL, read Margery Kempe, from The Book of Margery Kempe, pp. 523-31.
- Prepare one-page abstract of Final Project.
July 11:
- Proofread and submit Position Paper 4.
- Medieval English Mystic Traditions.
- Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe.
- Submit one-page abstract of Final Project.
- For July 16:
- Position Paper Five: The writings of the two female medieval mystics, Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe, couldn't be more different in style, and in some ways, content. And yet both mystics have a common goal, namely to share with others an understanding of and a belief in divine love and compassion. In a three-page essay, explore the extent to which the "writings" of these two mystics reflect this common thematic goal while commenting on the dramatic differences in their rhetorical approaches. Ultimately you must face the question of whether Julian of Norwich's "rational" style is more or less effective than Margery Kempe's "affective" style, at least in so far as either woman may have influenced her contemporary audience.
- Read John Milton, Paradise Lost, Books I - II.
Week Seven:
July 16:
- Proofread and submit Position Paper 5.
- Introduction to John Milton and Paradise Lost
- Paradise Lost, Books I and II: Satan and the Hierarchy of Hell.
- For July 18:
- Read John Milton, Paradise Lost, Books III-IV.
July 18:
- Paradise Lost, Books III and IV: The Garden, Adam, and Eve.
- For July 23:
- Read John Milton, Paradise Lost, Books V-VI.
- Read John Milton, Paradise Lost, Books VII-IX.
Week Eight:
July 23:
- Paradise Lost, Books V-VI: The War in Heaven.
- Paradise Lost, Books VII-IX: Milton's Conception of the Fall.
- For July 25:
- Read John Milton, Paradise Lost, Books X-XII.
- Complete Final Projects.
July 25:
- Achieve closure with Paradise Lost, Books X-XII.
- Present and submit Final Projects.
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Useful Links for LIT 231
There are a number of useful internet resources available to you, many of them right here at Harper. The following is a very eclectic, but by no means exhaustive, list of links I think you might find useful. Many of these sites include links to other sites as well.
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Last Updated: 5-25-07.
Richard F. Johnson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor and
Co-Chair, English Department
William Rainey Harper College
1200 W. Algonquin Road
Palatine, IL 60067
Office: L229
Phone: (847) 925-6429
Fax: (847) 925-6039
Email: rjohnson@harpercollege.edu