The Agrarian Revolution was made possible by:
John Heinrich von Thumen produced the first geographic model in an attempt to explain these changes. His isolated state laid the foundations of modern locational theory. His model assumed:
His model showed farm products raised in concentric zones located around the central market. The most perishable goods land or expensive agriculture land was closest to the central city. His model consists of the following concentric zones:
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The Industrial Revolution commenced from a change from handicraft to mass production of products with the invention of steam engine (1780s). Coal was used to smelt iron rather than wood or charcoal. Britain benefited the most as the Industrial Revolution occurred when British influence extended worldwide and the most significant advances occurred in Britain. The British possessed skills necessary to make the machines that manufactured the products, controlled the flow of raw materials, and held a monopoly over products in demand. Manufacturing regions occurred adjacent to large coalfields in the British midlands. An east -west belt of manufacturing extended from northern France into Poland with heavy manufacturing centered on the Ruhr in western Germany.
Other aspects of the Industrial Revolution included agglomerative (concentrating) forces and deglomerative (dispersal) forces. These were a nodule region marked by a set of points where industrial activities occurred rather than regions. Other general factors included: raw material transport costs, cost of finished product and transport and special factors, perishability of goods, and differentiated between regional and local factors.
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The French Revolution (1789-1795) led to revolutions all over the European continent and the rise of the Nation-State. A Nation-State is a political unit comprising a clearly defined territory and inhabited a substantial population, sufficiently well organized to posses a certain measure of power, the people considering themselves to be a nation with certain emotional and other ties. A Nation-State is also expressed in its legal institution: political system, ideological strength, government that seeks to support forces that unify a state over forces that will disunify it and European model-many states elsewhere in the world are multicultural states.
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[The text of the above was written by Scott Girhard, San Antonio College from his online course GEOG 1301 World Geography. Used with permission.]